Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Introduction Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurobehavioral disorder consisting of a pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity more frequent and severe than typically observed in individuals of comparable developmental level. Please consult the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) for complete diagnostic criteria. Hyperactive and impulsive symptoms tend to decrease with age. 50-70% patients continue to have significant inattentiveness, restlessness and impulsivity. Management Combination of pharmacotherapy and behavioural therapy is more beneficial than either intervention alone. For preschool children (age 4 through 5 years) who meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD, behaviour therapy is recommended by American Academy of Paediatrics rather than medication as the initial therapy. Routine dietary modification is not indicated to reduce symptoms of ADHD because only a minority of children are sensitive to the ef...