Bad Breath
Introduction Halitosis (also known as bad breath ) is mostly caused by sulphur-producing bacteria that normally live on the surface of the tongue and in the throat. About 2.4% of the adult population suffers from bad breath. Because of bad breath, other people may back away or turn their heads. This can cause a loss of confidence and self-esteem. Causes There are many possible causes. Eating certain foods e.g. onions, garlic and spices. Smoking Poor oral hygiene Dry mouth Medications Dental issues e.g. periodontitis, gingivitis , dental caries Other chronic conditions e.g. gastric reflux , diabetic ketoacidosis, liver cirrhosis, kidney failure Management The treatment will depend on the underlying cause. Avoiding dehydration and good oral hygiene are important. Tooth brushing twice a day for 2 minutes with a fluoride toothpaste Daily dental flossing to clean between teeth Regular mechanical tongue cleaning/scraping if coating is present Consider mouthwashes containing antiseptic ag...