Gingivitis
Introduction Gingivitis refers to inflammation of the gingival tissue. It is most commonly caused by bacterial infection due to excess plaque buildup on the teeth. Importantly, the condition is entirely preventable with regular and correct toothbrushing . Aetiology After toothbrushing , teeth are soon coated with a mixture of saliva and gingival fluid, known as the pellicle. Oral bacteria and food particles adhere to this coating and begin to proliferate, forming plaque. Routine brushing removes plaque, however, if plaque is allowed to build up for 3 or 4 days, bacteria begin to undergo internal calcification, producing calcium phosphate, better known as tartar (or calculus). This adheres tightly to tooth surfaces and retains bacteria in situ. The bacteria release enzymes and toxins that invade the gingival mucosa, causing inflammation of the gingiva (gingivitis). If the plaque is not removed, the inflammation spreads downwards, involving the periodontal ligament and associated tooth s...