Menopause
Introduction Menopause is a physiologic event characterized by loss of ovarian activity and permanent cessation of menses , diagnosed after 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea. The median age at which menopause occurs is 51 years, with a normal range of 45 to 55 years. Symptoms Symptoms of menopause occur in 75% of females and are moderate to severe in 28%. Symptoms may start during perimenopause (menopausal transition) and last, on average, 7 to 10 years. Vasomotor symptoms (hot flushes and night sweats) predominate in perimenopause, but urogenital symptoms become more common with age. Hot flashes Typically begin as the sudden sensation of heat centred on the upper chest and face that rapidly becomes generalized. The sensation of heat lasts from 2 to 4 minutes, is often associated with profuse perspiration and occasionally palpitations, and is sometimes followed by chills and shivering, and a feeling of anxiety. Hot flashes usually occur several times per day , although the range may...