Rx Note

Introduction Whenever customers/patients were introduced with generic drugs , their first concern will be "are they exactly the same as the innovator brand product?". Technically, both innovator brand and generic brand products contain the same quantity of active pharmaceutical ingredients (the substance that we believe to give the therapeutic benefit), but may contain different pharmaceutical excipients , especially preservatives and colourants. Functions Pharmaceutical excipients are basically everything other than the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Depending on the intended main function , the excipients used in tablets are subcategorized into different groups. However, many substances used in tablet formulation can be multifunctional . Antiadherent Antiadherents prevent sticking to punches and die walls . Binder Binders or adhesives are the substances that promote cohesiveness . It is added to a drug-filler mixture to ensure that granules and tablets can be formed wit...

Introduction A unit-dose medication distribution system uses medications packaged in unit-dose or single-unit packages. A single-unit package contains one dosage form of medication (e.g., one capsule, one 5 ml volume of liquid, etc.). A unit-dose package contains the dose of a medication ordered for a patient (e.g. two 250 mg tablets for a 500 mg dose). However, not all medications are available from the manufacturer in single-unit or unit-dose packages. Hence, pharmacies sometimes have to purchase medications in bulk containers and repackage them in unit-dose or single-unit packages. Important Elements Department's policy and procedures for repackaging should clearly outlines the following elements. Space or facility requirements Clean with adequate lighting and ventilation, as well as temperature and humidity controls Food and beverages must not be allowed in the repackaging area. Labelling format Generic name of medication Name of manufacturer or distributor Dosage form, inc...

Introduction I vividly recall the initial launch of the thousand-ringgit iPad in 2010 , which was met with cautious optimism. Many viewed it as an affordable gateway to the next-generation touchscreen experience. However, the subsequent rise of affordable Android smartphones dramatically shifted consumer preferences , as people found smartphones more convenient and cost-effective for screen consumption. The Decline of the Tablet Despite a wide range of options, the tablet market continues to struggle. Consumers have become increasingly accustomed to the convenience of consuming content on the smaller screens of smartphones. Initially positioned as a more affordable and portable alternative to laptops, tablets now face stiff competition. While tablets retain their advantages in weight and portability, newer laptops have become slimmer and lighter due to the removal of traditional components like DVD drives and HDMI ports. Ironically, advancements in mobile processors, intended to enhanc...

Introduction Tablets are widely used and generally preferred by patients for various reasons, including Ease of swallowing. Portability and compactness (in comparison to liquid formulations). Unlike injectable dosage forms , they are non-invasive and can be self-administered. The rate and extent of oral drug absorption are influenced by the Physiological factors associated with the structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract Physicochemical properties of the drug (e.g. solubility and dissolution rate) and dosage form factors In general, for oral absorption, a molecule should not violate more than one of the rules known as Lipinski's Rule of Five . The molecule should have No more than 5 hydrogen bond donors (-NH, -OH) No more than 10 hydrogen bond acceptors (-N, -O) A molecular mass less than 500 Da An octanol-water partition coefficient, log P, of not more than 5 Exceptions to the rule of 5 are those probably substrates for naturally occurring transporters, such as antib...